TL;DR: Want to improve your data science project? Check out these 5 must-try PCA visualizations and find out which features have the most weight. See how original features contribute to principal components with these 5 visualization types.
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5 PCA Visualizations You Must Try On Your Next Data Science Project
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular dimensionality reduction technique used in data science to transform a large set of variables into a smaller set of uncorrelated variables called principal components. These principal components can then be used to visualize and analyze complex datasets. In this blog post, we will discuss five essential PCA visualizations that you must try on your next data science project.
1. Scree Plot
The scree plot is a simple but powerful visualization that shows the variance explained by each principal component. It is a line graph with the number of components on the x-axis and the corresponding variance on the y-axis. The plot helps in determining the number of principal components to retain for further analysis. The point where the line starts to flatten out is considered as the cut-off point, and the components after that point can be discarded.
2. Biplot
A biplot is a two-dimensional scatter plot that shows the relationship between the observations and the principal components. It is an excellent visualization for understanding the underlying structure of the data and identifying patterns and clusters. Each observation is represented by a point on the plot, and the direction and length of the arrows represent the contribution of each original feature to the principal components. This visualization can also help in identifying outliers and influential observations.
3. Heatmap
A heatmap is a graphical representation of the correlation between the original features and the principal components. It is a useful visualization for identifying which features have the most weight in each principal component. The heatmap is color-coded, with warmer colors indicating a higher correlation and cooler colors indicating a lower correlation. This visualization can help in feature selection and understanding the relationship between the original features and the principal components.
4. 3D Scatter Plot
A 3D scatter plot is a three-dimensional visualization that shows the relationship between the principal components. It is an excellent tool for identifying clusters and patterns in the data. Each point on the plot represents an observation, and the distance between the points represents the similarity between them. This visualization can help in understanding the structure of the data and identifying any outliers or influential observations.
5. Parallel Coordinates Plot
A parallel coordinates plot is a graphical representation of the relationship between the principal components and the original features. It is a line plot with the principal components on the y-axis and the original features on the x-axis. Each line represents an observation, and the points where the lines intersect represent the contribution of each feature to the principal components. This visualization can help
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